Bill gives Ford Cabinet powers to override all other provincial laws

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Monday, May 12, 2025

TORONTO – Today, Democracy Watch joined with advocates from treaty rights and environmental organizations at Queen’s Park to oppose the Doug Ford Ontario government’s proposed Bill 5 (especially Schedule 9).

Bill 5 would give the Premier and his cabinet unprecedented control over the province, including the ability to exempt individuals and corporations from provincial and municipal laws and bypass consultation with Indigenous communities.

If passed, Bill 5 would:

•  Allow the premier and cabinet to designate “special economic zones” in which “trusted proponents” would be given the authority to undertake projects without regard to provincial and municipal laws;

•  Exempt developments from archeological assessments if the Ontario government is of the opinion that an exemption “could potentially advance one or more of the following provincial priorities”: transit; housing; health and long-term care; other infrastructure; and such other priorities as may be prescribed. Archeological assessments often trigger the duty to consult with Indigenous communities and First Nations governments;

•  Repeal Ontario’s Endangered Species Act – ending most meaningful protections for endangered, threatened and special concern species and their habitat; and

•  Terminate comprehensive environmental assessments for two projects: the proposed Eagle’s Nest mine in Northern Ontario and the proposed Dresden Dump. The environmental assessments for both projects were put into place to provide forward-looking understanding of environmental and socio-economic conditions and impacts of planned developments to government decision-makers, Indigenous communities as well as members of the public.

“The bill is dangerously undemocratic as it proposes to give the Ford cabinet unconstitutional, king-like powers to change any law without a review or vote of approval by Ontario’s legislature, and also proposes to prohibit anyone from going to court to challenge the cabinet’s abuses of power,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch.

“Premier Ford promised to protect Ontario, but Bill 5 breaks that promise,” said Tim Gray, executive director of Environmental Defence. “He’s making it easier for his friends to pave over farms, forests and wetlands and wipe out endangered species without any guardrails. Just like we did with the Greenbelt, we need to come together to stop his attack.”

“We cannot and will not support development that bypasses consultation, ignores our rights and puts the environment and our heritage at risk. We call on the Ontario government to immediately pause Bill 5. Ontario cannot legislate away its responsibilities,” said Grand Chief Joel Abram, Association of Iroquois and Allied Indians.

“It is our duty and responsibility to protect our Mother Earth, our water, that gives us life. We have seen what greed did to our traditional territory and the contamination caused by De Beers’ mining projects to our river. We have a duty to stand up and protect these lands. They are not just resources to be extracted – they are living, breathing relatives that sustain us all,” said Michel J. Koostachin, Founder of Friends of the Attawapiskat River.

“Neskantaga stands in opposition to this Bill. We will fight the bulldozers that the Ford Government wants to fast-track. Even if you take away all your environmental laws and protections – our laws live on. Our people will meet you on the land. These are our homelands and our consent has not been provided to cross the river system of our homelands. Premier Ford keeps saying Canada is not for sale—we say our lands are actually not for sale,” said Chief Gary Quisses, Neskantaga First Nation.

Representatives from Archaeological Research Associates Ltd, EcoJustice, GASP, Legal Advocates for Nature’s Defence, McCoy Archaeological Services, Ontario Place for All, Ontario Nature, the Toronto Zoo and Wilderness Committee were also at Queen’s Park to voice their opposition to Bill 5.

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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Stop PM/Premier Power Abuses Campaign

Party misleaders, voting system, disinformation, undemocratic political finance laws and weak platforms all make voter turnout relatively low

Party leaders should agree to 8 key, written rules to have a fair minority government

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Thursday, May 1, 2025

OTTAWA – Today, Democracy Watch called for democratic changes to the federal political system to make elections more fair, and to increase voter turnout.  Initial results show that the Mark Carney Liberals won 49% (169 out of 343) of the seats in the House of Commons with the support of only 30% of eligible voters (and 44% of the votes cast), which raises serious questions about their mandate to govern, let alone implement any specific law or policy.

Democracy Watch also called on party leaders to agree to 8 key, written rules to have a fair minority government (finally after six minority governments in the past 20 years), and to enact the rules as soon as Parliament opens.  Politicians in Britain, Australia and New Zealand enacted the rules years ago, and about 80% of voters and constitutional scholars support enacting the rules.

Even though all party leaders said it was the most important election of our lifetime, only about 69% of eligible voters cast a ballot, which is only marginally better than the 1993, 1997, 2015 and 2019 turnouts and significantly below the turnout levels of 75% or more in many elections in the 1970s and 1980s.

The NDP won 6.3% of the popular vote but ended up with only 2% (7) of the seats in the House (under a fairer voting system, they would have won 22 seats), and the Green Party won 1.2% of the vote but only 0.3% (1) of the seats (under a fairer system, they would have won 4 seats).  The percentages of votes and seats won were roughly the same for the Conservatives and Bloc Quebecois.

“With one in three voters staying home, only 30 percent of eligible voters supporting the winning party, and three parties not electing the number of MPs they deserved to elect, alarm bells should be going off and questions raised about the legitimacy of the federal government,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch.  “Voter turnout will go up significantly only if honesty is required in politics, the voting system is changed to a proportional system with the right to vote none-of-the-above, and political ethics and government accountability laws are strengthened.”

Federal parties must ensure make the following changes if they want to increase voter turnout to the past level of about 75% in many elections in the 1970s and 1980s, or even higher:

1. Pass an honesty-in-politics law that gives voters an easy, low-cost way to file complaints to the Ethics Commissioner, and requires the Commissioner to penalize misleaders (and requires MPs who switch parties in-between elections to resign and run in a by-election), and also enact effective measures to stop false claims during elections, especially online to prevent the spread of disinformation.

2. Add the right to vote “none of the above” and to give a reason on election and by-election ballots.

3. Actually fix election dates (with only a vote of non-confidence against the government causing an early election) and move the fixed election date to the last Monday in October to make it easier for people with kids, and students, to follow and participate in the election campaign and have the identification needed to vote.

4. Change the voting system to provide a more accurate representation of the popular vote results in each election in the seats held by each party in the legislature (as in many other countries) while ensuring that all elected officials are supported by, and are accountable to, voters in each riding/constituency (with a safeguard to ensure that a party with a low-level, narrow-base of support does not have a disproportionately high level of power in the legislature).

5. Strengthen federal political ethics, political finance, lobbying, open government, and whistleblower protection laws (the Green Party received the best grade of B in overall bad grades in DWatch’s Report Card on the parties’ election platforms).

6. Strengthen the requirements for reporting survey results to prevent reports from misleading voters into thinking the results in their riding, or overall, are pre-determined by requiring anyone reporting or posting results (or seat projections), in the media, social media, podcasts or on the Internet etc. at any time in any way to describe the survey methodology, the margin of error (and, if there is no margin of error, why flaws in the survey methodology mean it has no margin of error and should be disregarded).

7. Mandate Elections Canada to spend the $5 million or so it spends each election on voter education advertising on ads that include the following two key messages in their voter education advertising and communications – the real reasons to vote – which its partner organization Democracy Education Network includes in its VoteParty.ca and VotePromise.ca voter turnout initiatives:

i. “You never know when your vote may count” — with examples from past elections, and from specific ridings in various elections, which show clearly that election results cannot be predicted in advance, and;

ii. “If you don’t vote, you don’t count” — making it clear that politicians don’t really care about you if you don’t vote because non-voters do not help them get elected or defeated.

These changes will make it easy and give voters many more compelling reasons to vote as they will know that voting for a specific party will mean their vote will count and the party’s promises will be kept, and they will be more assured of democratic, accountable good government overall no matter which party wins.

“More and more voters know from their experience of the past few decades of elections that they are not going to get what they vote for, and are likely to get dishonest, secretive, unethical, unrepresentative and wasteful government no matter which party they vote for, and as a result no one should be surprised to see voter turnout continue be lower than in the past,” said Conacher.

These problems exist in all the provinces and territories across Canada.  All of these changes should be made by the federal and provincial and territorial governments, and for their municipalities, before mandatory voting is even considered because forcing voters to vote creates false legitimacy for political parties and politicians (and mandatory voting must never be implemented unless “none of the above” is one of the options on the ballot). Internet voting should also not even be considered currently given it would dangerously undermine the integrity of the voting system.

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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Democratic Voting System Campaign

Bloc, Conservatives and NDP tie with C- while Liberals get a D- and PPC an F

Great to see Green Party again promise to enact a partial honesty-in-politics law but, given lack of law and past pattern of ruling party breaking half of democratic reform promises, voters should be very skeptical of every promise made by every party

Party leaders should agree to 8 key, written rules to have a fair post-election, and fair government, especially if it is a minority government

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Friday, April 25, 2025

OTTAWA – Today, Democracy Watch released its Report Card on the Federal Parties’ 2025 Democratic Reform Platforms which evaluates their platforms in five key areas of democratic good government (See the Report Card below and click here to see the grading system and criteria).

Many surveys over the past 15 years have shown that a large majority of voters do not trust politicians, and want strong honesty, ethics, lobbying, political finance, open government and other democracy and accountability reforms to stop politicians from abusing their power.  Hundreds of thousands of messages have been sent to federal party leaders and politicians through Democracy Watch’s campaigns calling for the dozens of key changes needed to ensure fully democratic and accountable federal government and politics.

The Green Party received a B as the best grade of overall bad grades for all the parties, which ties the best grade any party has ever received going back to 1993.  The Bloc, Conservatives and NDP all tied with C- while the Liberals received a D- and the PPC an F.

However, given the current lack of an honesty-in-politics law, and the fact that Prime Minister Chrétien, Prime Minister Harper, and Prime Minister Trudeau all failed to keep half of their democratic reform promises (Prime Minister Martin didn’t make any), voters should be very skeptical of every promise made by every party.

“While it is notable that the Green Party has promised a partial honesty-in-politics law covering only false claims made in election advertising, given the current lack of such a law, voters should be wary of trusting any political promises,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch.

The Green Party’s platform is fairly detailed and comprehensive in four of the five areas evaluated, with their lowest grade in the area of Efficient Government as they proposed fewer and mostly vague government spending accountability measures.  Unfortunately, the Greens also propose (on p. 89 of their platform) exploring the implementation of online voting which is very dangerous because the vote count can’t be verified, and the implementation of mandatory voting which would violate the Charter unless a right to vote “none of the above” is also enacted.

The Mark Carney Liberals’ D- grade platform is a failure compared to their 2015 election platform that received a B grade, and is as weak as the Liberals’ (un)democratic reform record since 2015, which has included: Prime Minister Trudeau breaking his electoral reform promise; the Liberals breaking most of their open government promises and ignoring recommendations to stop secret, fake online election ads in a unanimous House Committee report; Trudeau and Liberal Cabinet ministers being involved in many secrecy and ethics scandals (including the SNC-Lavalin scandal) and covering up foreign interference and delaying an inquiry and laws to address it; and, most recently, Trudeau proroguing Parliament; Mark Carney calling a snap election before key anti-foreign interference and whistleblower protection measures were enacted and hiding his investments that cause financial conflicts of interest.

“Mark Carney has shown clear signs of having a ‘father knows best’ attitude that favours secrecy over transparency and is dismissive of unethical conflicts of interest, and the Liberals’ negligently weak democratic reform and government accountability election platform is a worrying signal that he wants power with few restrictions and little accountability,” said Conacher.

The Conservatives C- grade platform was very weak compared to their 2006 election platform when they were elected into power – in that platform the Conservatives promised 60 comprehensive democratic reform and government accountability changes in their so-called “Federal Accountability Act”, and earned them a B grade.

“The Conservative platform pales in comparison to their 2006 Federal Accountability Act platform that promised 60 comprehensive democratic and accountability reforms, as their “Accountability Act 2.0” promises would only make 10 changes, nine strengthening ethics rules and one partially increasing lobbying disclosure,” said Conacher. “It is worrying also that the Conservative platform doesn’t even mention or propose any measures to stop disinformation given that it threatens democracy and is a main means of foreign interference in Canadian politics.”

Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre’s pledge to use the notwithstanding clause is also very concerning — DWatch recently joined with more than 25 other organizations in calling on all party leaders to commit to a public consultation on restricting the use of the clause.

The NDP’s C- grade platform is also very weak compared to their 2015 election platform when they earned a B grade.

“Given a large majority of voters want comprehensive democratic reforms, it is unfortunate for the NDP that they continue to forget their middle name when making election promises,” said Conacher.

“While all the federal parties, especially the Greens, have some key democracy reforms and promise some important general accountability reforms in their platforms, they all unfortunately continue to fail to promise to close key loopholes and correct key flaws in federal laws, and to ignore high voter concern about democracy and trust issues,” said Conacher.  “Canadians can only hope that the parties will actually address these concerns when Parliament opens again so that everyone in federal politics will, finally after 158 years, be effectively required to act honestly, ethically, openly, representatively and to prevent waste.”

Democracy Watch’s campaigns and coalitions will keep pushing for the dozens of key changes needed to ensure everyone in federal politics is effectively required to be honest, ethical and transparent, and to make representative decisions and to prevent waste.

– 30 –

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Campaigns page

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Democracy Watch
Report Card on the Federal Parties’
2025 Democratic Reform Platforms

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Sources:

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Click here to see the grading system and criteria used to assess the parties’ platforms.

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Bloc Québécois platform webpage (PDF)

NOTE: See p. 19 re: Representative Government promises to establish a discrimination ombudsman, eliminate mention of the monarchy from the citizenship oath and the public office oath; p. 24 for promises re: anti-foreign interference, public funding for political parties, strengthening Ethics Commissioner, reforming the Access to Information Act and tightening the lobbyists registry.

For General Government Accountability promises see: p. 9 re: consumer protection; p. 14 re: various, including transnational repression and corporate responsibility measures; p. 23 re: closing tax haven and tax evasion loopholes; p. 24 re: merit-based government applications, strengthening Export Development Canada (EDC) accountability, strengthening the Privacy Act, requiring public inquiry commissioners to be appointed by Parliament (instead of by the ruling party Cabinet), and strengthening whistleblower protection; p. 25 re: strengthening criminal law enforcement and justice reforms, and; p. 28-31 re: environmental protection

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Conservative Party of Canada platform webpage

NOTE: See pages 13-14 of platform PDF for Honest, Ethical Government and Open Government promises strengthening conflict of interest rules, disclosure rules, enforcement and penalties; p. 16 re: requiring third parties to disclose funding sources, strengthening anti-money laundering, anti-financial crime and anti-foreign interference enforcement, and expelling foreign agents;

For Efficient Government promises p. 13 re: one-for-one spending law reducing spending or increasing revenues to offset any new spending, only replace 2 of every 3 public employees who leave the federal government, ban federal government employees from also having government contracts, and cut $10.5 billion in spending on consultants;
For General Government Accountability promises, see: p. 5 re: Taxpayer Protection Act to prohibit raising taxes without a referendum; closing tax loopholes; p. 8 re: an oligopoly review and banning write-offs for luxury private jets; p. 10 re: increasing accountability for municipalities building houses; p. 11 re: strengthening criminal law enforcement, including in the area of online harassment; p. 12 re: anti-racketeering, anti-money laundering and anti-forced and child labour laws and other criminal law reforms; p. 13 re: closing offshore tax loopholes and strengthening enforcement, and using plain language laws; p. 15 re: strengthened border enforcement; p. 16 re: Farmland Protection Act to prevent foreign ownership; p. 17 re: requiring union LMIA pre-checks, criminal background checks for foreign students and quicker removal of people on visitor visas who commit crimes; p. 19 re: launch a $44 billion lawsuit against Big Pharma to pay for addiction treatment and recovery; p. 20 re: respecting union rights, and; p. 21 re: Stop Scamming Seniors Act to force banks and telecom companies to help stop fraud scams.

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Green Party of Canada platform webpage

NOTE: For Honest, Ethical Government promises, see in platform PDF: p. 40 and p. 86 re: strengthening anti-foreign interference and anti-disinformation measures, including truth in political advertising rules; p. 90 re: lowering the donation limit, strengthening third-party finance rules, implementing a per-vote subsidy, establishing a foreign-agent registry, strengthening anti-foreign interference enforcement, empowering the Commissioner of Canada Elections to penalize false political advertising, requiring more transparency in reporting of survey results and increasing accountability; p. 91 re: strengthening ethics rules, closing the revolving door of people leaving government and becoming lobbyists, strengthening the independence and investigative powers of the Ethics Commissioner and Commissioner of Lobbying; p. 116 re: regulate social media and digital platforms to make them more transparent and accountable for all content published, including libel, slander, disinformation and election interference, and strengthen digital rights protections.

For Open Government promises, see: pp. 91-92 re: increasing lobbying disclosure requirements, strengthening the independence and investigative powers of the Information Commissioner (including reviewing Cabinet confidentiality claims), ensuring proactive disclosure of government documents and timely responses to access to information requests, applying the law to minister’s offices, scrapping most access fees, overriding secrecy exemptions in the public interest.
For Representative Government promises, see: p. 81 re: lowering the voting age to 16; pp. 89-90 re: implementing a proportional representation voting system through a Citizen Assembly process and requiring parties to report on candidate recruitment from underrepresented groups; p. 90 re: restrict the use of the notwithstanding clause; pp. 99-100 respect Quebec’s power over areas of provincial and shared jurisdiction; p. 110 re: prohibit advocating or assisting in the annexation of Canada by a foreign power; p. 114 re: restrict foreign ownership and control of media.
For Efficient Government promises, see: p. 21 re: ensure transparent and fair procurement processes; p. 91 re: strengthening the independence and investigative powers of the Auditor General and Parliamentary Budget Officer, and replacing the House Board of Internal Economy with an independent committee to oversee MP spending, enhance oversight and accountability to prevent misuse of taxpayer dollars, reduce wasteful spending at the by politicians including reducing the Prime Minister’s Office budget from $10 million to $1 million.
For General Government Accountability promises see: pp. 5-7 re: increasing corporate and wealth taxes and close tax haven and tax evasion loopholes; p. 7 end corporate subsidies that don’t provide benefits and support international pollution tax and financial services tax; pp. 8-9 strengthen worker rights; pp. 12-13 re: protect critical resources and industries from foreign takeover and increase accountability of foreign companies in Canada; p. 14 re: ensure fair trade; pp. 15-17 protect natural resources; p. 22 ensure transparency and accountability in CPP investments; pp. 33-34 protect agriculture industry and farm worker rights; pp. 42-43 re: strengthen border protection and ensure military spending and actions are ethical; pp. 47-54 re: environmental protection measures; p. 58 re: protections for housing affordability, including to stop financial speculation in housing; p. 68 re: banning toxic chemicals; p. 69 re: long term care accountability measures; p. 72 re: disability rights protections; p. 76 re: protections for veterans; p. 78 re: ethical and fair international student recruitment measures; p. 81 re: protections for youth using social media; pp. 84-85 re: protections for gender and women’s rights; p. 91 re: strengthening whistleblower protection; p. 92 re: expanding privacy protections; pp. 95-98 re: implement the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, and increase Indigenous rights and sovereignty generally; p. 105 re: strengthen the accountability of the immigration system and protections for temporary foreign workers; pp. 108-109 re: strengthen the effectiveness of criminal law justice processes, especially for Indigenous and racialized offenders, and ensure jails are humane; p. 118 restrict and regulate Artificial Intelligence in the areas of ethical use, transparency, accountability, environmental impacts and data privacy; pp. 120-121 re: strengthen consumer protections in various business sectors.

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Liberal Party of Canada platform webpage

For Honesty and Government Ethics promises, see: p. 6 re: empowering CBC/Radio Canada  to combat disinformation; p. 9 re: addressing the recommendations to combat military sexual misconduct;
For Representative Government promises, see: pp. 5-6 re: changing CBC/Radio Canada’s governance plan to improve accountability and citizen engagement, and strengthening local news and the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives; pp. 8 and 17 re: vague promises to be “vigilant against foreign interference” and boost resources to fight foreign interference and transnational repression;
For Efficient Government promises, see: pp. 57-58 re: increase federal government spending efficiency and productivity;
For General Government Accountability promises, see in platform PDF: p. 4 re: making housing more accessible; p. 7 re: increasing transparency to help Canadians buy Canadian; p. 12 re: increasing support for veterans; p. 13 re: strengthening the Investment Canada Act to prevent foreign takeovers of key industries and the public health care system; p. 16 re: protecting marine life; pp. 16-17 re: strengthening gun control and border protection; pp. 18-19 re: strengthening criminal law enforcement, including of anti-hate laws; pp. 27-28 re: protecting the environment; pp. 31-33 re: enhance Charter rights and anti-discrimination protections, including by expanding the Court Challenges Program; p. 34 re: implement the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls, and implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act and Action Plan; p. 35 pass legislation affirming First Nations’ right to clean drinking water; p. 38 re: make mortgages more affordable and make big polluters pay; p. 42 re: reinforcing the immigration system’s integrity and border integrity; pp. 46-47 measures to make big polluters pay and require companies to disclose climate risks; p. 52 re: strengthen the social safety net; p. 55 re: make the tax system fairer and to close loopholes and strengthen enforcement; pp. 64-65 committing to continuing to screen government commitments and actions using the Gender-Based Analysis tool.

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NDP platform webpage (no PDF available)

NOTE: See in “Strengthening Canada’s democracy” section promises re: establishing a Citizen Assembly to advise on implementing a mixed member proportional voting system, lowering the voting age to 16-17, make voting more accessible by putting Indigenous languages on ballots, implementing a three-day voting period and strengthening voting on campuses, restoring federal government Ministries for women and gender equality and for people with disabilities and for diversity, implementing a comprehensive approach to combat transnational repression, implement the recommendations of the Hogue Commission on foreign interference, enact anti-disinformation and misinformation measures, and implement the foreign agent registry.

In Revenue Measures section see Efficient Government promises re: reducing the number of expensive external contractors, increasing transparency and accountability in the federal government budget-making process, and linking spending to policy outcomes.
For General Government Accountability promises, see: sections on public health care, rent control and tenant protection, cap on grocery prices, taxing extreme wealth, protecting essential industries, making big polluters pay, passing an Environmental Bill of Rights and establishing an Office of Environmental Justice and passing a biodiversity accountability law, upholding Indigenous rights and implementing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommendations  and equalizing funding for social welfare for Indigenous children, a surtax on the most profitable corporations, close tax haven loopholes.

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People’s Party of Canada platform webpage

NOTE: See pages 14-15 of platform PDF re: Efficient Government promises.

For General Government Accountability promises, see: p. 18 re: combatting money laundering; p. 23 re: eliminating corporate subsidies, and; p. 23 re: veterans’ rights.

87% think it’s important for voters to know who has lobbied which politicians before deciding how to vote and whether to support policies

Secret, unethical lobbying is legal because the federal Commissioner of Lobbying and all MPs have gutted ethics rules, failed to close loopholes

DWatch calls on all parties to disclose, before election day, everyone who has fundraised, campaigned or assisted them significantly in the past year

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Wednesday, April 16, 2025

OTTAWA – Today, Democracy Watch released the national survey it commissioned from Nanos Research that shows more than 80% of Canadians are concerned about the corrupting effects of secret, unethical lobbying on politicians’ policy-making decisions, and want to know about all lobbying activities.  Nanos did the hybrid telephone and online random survey of 1,077 Canadians, 18 years of age or older, between January 31 and February 3, 2025, as part of an omnibus survey. The margin of error for the survey is ±3.0 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.

Democracy Watch has contacted all federal parties calling on them to, before election day, disclose everyone who has fundraised or campaigned or assisted them in any significant way in the past year, including during the Liberal Party leadership contest, as voters have a right to know before they vote who each party owes, especially if they owe any lobbyists or people who work at lobbying firms or businesses or organizations who lobby the federal government.

Secret, unethical lobbying is legal in federal politics because of a “dirty dozen” huge secret lobbying loopholes in the federal lobbying law that all federal parties have failed to close, and because the Commissioner of Lobbying and MPs from all parties gutted key ethical lobbying rules in the Lobbyists’ Code of Conduct in 2023 even though 26 citizen groups with a total membership of more than one million Canadians, and more than 20,000 voters, and dozens of law, politics and ethics professors and lawyers opposed gutting the rules.

The “dirty dozen” secret lobbying loopholes make it easy to lobby in secret, especially for big business lobbyists. The unethical lobbying loopholes allow lobbyists to secretly campaign for and/or secretly assist a politician or party in significant ways and lobby them at the same time, and to secretly fundraise an unlimited amount of money for a politician or party and/or secretly campaign for them full-time, and then lobby them within 1 to 2 years afterwards. The Commissioner of Lobbying can also secretly reduce that “cooling-off” time period, and also give secret exemptions that allow lobbyists to give expensive gifts and meals to politicians and government officials.

The survey results (PDF) show that 84-87% of Canadians surveyed said they think:

(i) that a politician who receives undisclosed assistance (fundraising, campaigning, event organizing etc.) from a lobbyist is less likely or somewhat less likely to act in the public interest;

(ii) that they are uncomfortable or somewhat uncomfortable with a lobbyist lobbying a politician within 1 to 2 years after assisting the politician;

(iii) that it is important to know who has lobbied a politician, and how much they have been lobbied, when deciding which government policies to support and who to vote for, and;

(iv) that it is important to know whether a lobbyist has been given an exemption by the Commissioner of Lobbying to the rules that limit the value of gifts given to politicians, and that prohibit a lobbyist from lobbying for 1 to 2 years after assisting a politician.

As well, about 69% of people surveyed said they think that a politician who receives undisclosed gifts worth only up to $200 a year from a lobbyist is less likely or somewhat less likely to act in the public interest.

“A large majority of voters are understandably concerned about lobbyists secretly fundraising, campaigning and doing favours for politicians and political parties, and then asking them to return the favours soon afterwards,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch.  “All the federal parties should disclose before election day the list of everyone who has fundraised or campaigned or assisted them in any significant way in the past year, including during the Liberal Party leadership contest, as voters have a right to know before they vote who has bankrolled and done other favours for each party, and who each party owes.”

“It’s outrageous that MPs from all parties have left open loopholes in the federal lobbying law that allow for secret lobbying, and that they all worked with the Commissioner of Lobbying to create new loopholes to allow lobbyists to essentially secretly bribe them with fundraising, working on campaigns and other favours,” said Conacher.  “Until all of these loopholes are closed, secret corrupt favour-trading between lobbyists and politicians will continue to be legal and will undermine every federal policy-making and government contracting process.”

– 30 –

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Stop Secret, Unethical Lobbying Campaign and Government Ethics Campaign and Money in Politics Campaign

Application in Ottawa provincial court calls for impartial process and open court hearing to consider evidence of obstruction of justice and breach of trust

RCMP did weak investigation, made a secret, behind-closed doors, very questionable decision not to prosecute, and hid investigation records and is still hiding key evidence – independent anti-corruption police force needed

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Friday, March 21, 2025

OTTAWA – Today, Democracy Watch released the letter it has sent to Ontario’s Attorney General Doug Downey calling on him to have an independently appointed special prosecutor review the evidence and DWatch’s application in the Ontario Court of Justice in Ottawa for approval from the court to proceed with a private prosecution of former Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for pressuring, and directing others to pressure, then-Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould to stop the prosecution of SNC-Lavalin in 2018 (now operating under the name “AtkinsRéalis”).

Wayne Crookes, founder of Integrity B.C., is a key supporter of the application.  Jen Danch of Swadron Associates law firm, is representing Democracy Watch for the application.

The application includes a legal opinion by a retired superior court justice (who did the opinion on the condition of remaining anonymous) supporting prosecuting the PM for the allegation of obstruction of justice, and possibly also for breach of trust.  The application also includes a “will say” document that summarizes the reasons for the application, and a summary of how the RCMP failed to investigate and uphold the law properly.

As detailed in Democracy Watch’s recent news release, the RCMP’s investigation was weak, incomplete, delayed and buried for years, and amounts to an attempted cover up.  The RCMP only interviewed four of 15 key witnesses, and is hiding key testimony from Wilson-Raybould, her Chief of Staff Jessica Prince, and her friend and confidante Jane Philpott.  The RCMP also accepted the Trudeau Cabinet hiding key internal communication records, and trusted without question the biased, self-interested public statements of the PM and everyone else who pressured the AG.

In addition, and importantly, as Democracy Watch’s “will say” document details, the RCMP applied an improper legal standard for proving obstruction of justice, and didn’t even consider prosecuting anyone for the general violation of breach of trust.

“The RCMP did a very superficial investigation into the Trudeau Cabinet’s obstruction of the prosecution of SNC-Lavalin, didn’t even interview many witnesses or try to obtain key secret Cabinet communication records, and buried the investigation with an almost two-year delay, and then made a behind-closed-doors, very questionable decision not to prosecute anyone,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch. “Democracy Watch’s position is that the evidence and testimony of all witnesses should be considered by a judge in an open court hearing, and that is why it is applying for court approval to proceed with a private prosecution.”

Ontario’s Attorney General has the power to have a Crown prosecutor step in and take over the prosecution, and then stop it from proceeding.  The next steps in the private prosecution process are a “speak to” hearing on Friday, March 28th in Ottawa where a judge will consider procedural issues including scheduling a “pre-enquête” hearing where Democracy Watch would present its evidence and arguments for allowing the prosecution to proceed.

Democracy Watch’s letter today calls on Ontario’s Attorney General, working with opposition party leaders, to establish a committee made up of people who have no ties to any political party.  The committee will choose a lawyer who has no ties to any party to be an Independent Special Prosecutor who will review the evidence and issue a public decision concerning prosecuting Trudeau.  That process is needed to ensure an impartial review and decision concerning whether the Attorney General will have a Crown prosecutor step in, take over and/or stop the prosecution.

“The RCMP lacks independence from the Prime Minister and Cabinet ministers who handpick the RCMP Commissioner and deputy commissioners and division heads through a secretive process, and they all serve at the pleasure of the Cabinet so they are vulnerable to political interference, which is likely part of the reason the RCMP rolled over and let Trudeau off,” said Conacher.  “The Attorney General is also a tainted by partisanship as he is from Ontario’s ruling party and so, to ensure integrity and impartiality, a fully independent special prosecutor needs to be appointed to review the evidence concerning whether the prosecution of Trudeau should proceed.”

“A public inquiry is needed to determine why the RCMP’s national command tried to cover up its investigation, and exactly how and why they and Crown prosecutors decided not to prosecute anyone,” said Conacher. “The RCMP consistently fails to enforce Canada’s anti-corruption laws in a timely, effective way, which shows the need for key changes that many experts have called for to make the RCMP more independent, effective and publicly accountable, especially when it is investigating corruption cases, or even better to establish a new fully independent anti-corruption police force including fully independent prosecutors.”

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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Government Ethics Campaign, Stop Unfair Law Enforcement Campaign and Open Government Campaign

Public has right to know, given Lobbyists’ Code was gutted to allow lobbyists to secretly fundraise and campaign for politicians they lobby, and given it is legal for foreigners to secretly help contestants

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Tuesday, March 4, 2025

OTTAWA – Today, Democracy Watch emailed a letter to each of the Liberal Party leadership contestants calling on them to disclose the identity of their top campaign managers and staff, top volunteers, and top fundraisers (anyone who has helped organize a fundraising event or appeal, and anyone who has sent out a personal fundraising appeal or held a fundraising event).

Liberal Party members have a right to know before they vote who each contestant owes, and what conflicts of interest have been created by the help provided by each contestant’s campaigners and fundraisers, and the public also has a right to know this information.

Huge loopholes in Canada’s laws allow foreigners, including foreign-government funded front groups and “proxies”, to secretly campaign and fundraise for party leadership contestants.

Commissioner of Lobbying Nancy Bélanger, with the support of the House of Commons Ethics Committee, gutted key ethical lobbying rules in the Lobbyists’ Code of Conduct in 2023, and since then lobbyists have been allowed to do significant campaigning for, and fundraise unlimited amounts of money for, politicians and their parties and lobby them at the same time or soon afterwards.

Still, the campaigning and fundraising lobbyists do for contestants creates a clear conflict of interest, and the federal ethics law prohibits participating in some decisions as Prime Minister when in a conflict of interest (although the law has many huge loopholes).

“Liberal Party members before they vote, and the public generally, have a right to know who each leadership contestant owes, and what conflicts of interest have been created by the people campaigning and fundraising for each contestant,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch. “Given federal ethical lobbying rules have been gutted to allow lobbyists to assist politicians they are lobbying, and given foreign interference in party leadership contests is legal, it is even more important to have public disclosure of who is helping each leadership contestant.”

More than 40 lawyers and professors, many of them leading experts in government ethics, and 26 citizen groups with a total membership of 1.5 million Canadians, and more than 20,000 voters who signed on to Democracy Watch’s petition on Change.org or its letter-writing campaign, have called on federal parties to reverse the gutting of the Lobbyists’ Code so that lobbyists would again be prohibited from assisting politicians and lobbying them at the same time or soon afterwards.

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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Stop Secret, Unethical Lobbying Campaign and Government Ethics Campaign and Money in Politics Campaign

Liberals and NDP or Bloc should strike deal to enact bills containing key changes to prevent, prohibit and penalize foreign interference, including long-delayed bill that strengthens whistleblower protection

Elon Musk and big business executives allowed to secretly spend unlimited amounts and secretly fundraise, campaign and lobby to influence Canadian politics, and to spend $600,000+ each to influence an election

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Monday, March 3, 2025

OTTAWA – Today, Democracy Watch issued an open letter to all federal party leaders, and all Liberal Party leadership contestants, called on federal parties, or at least the Liberals and NDP or Bloc, to set aside their partisan self-interest and, before a federal election happens, act in the public interest by enacting bills to close all the huge loopholes that allow for secret, undemocratic and unethical spending, fundraising, donations, loans, lobbying and disinformation campaigns by foreign “proxies” and by enacting the long-delayed bill that strengthens federal whistleblower protection in key ways, and to strengthen enforcement and penalties.

Because of these huge loopholes, Elon Musk, and foreign-owned big businesses that operate in Canada and their multi-millionaire executives, and foreign governments using Canadian front groups and “proxies”, are all allowed to interfere in and influence Canadian policy-making processes by:

•  secretly spending unlimited amounts of money on ads and other influence and interference activities;

•  secretly fundraising and campaigning for nomination and political party leadership contestants, election candidates, parties and party leaders;

•  secretly lobbying party leaders, MPs, Senators and their staff, and top government and party officials;

•  spreading disinformation anonymously, and;

they are also allowed to spend more than $600,000 each to influence a federal election.  And Canada’s anti-foreign interference, political finance, elections, ethics and lobbying enforcement systems are all ineffective because they all lack independence, and are allowed to be secretive, slow and largely unaccountable.

All opposition party leaders have stated that they will force an election with a vote of non-confidence right after Parliament’s scheduled opening on March 24th.  Mark Carney, who seems likely to win the Liberal Party leadership contest and become Prime Minister next week, has suggested he may call a snap election.

There is no good reason for an early election, and it is clearly not in the public interest.  Canada’s fixed election date means the pre-election period would start anyway on July 1st, and the election period in early September.  Sticking to this timetable not only gives time to enact anti-foreign interference measures, it is also fair to all the parties, gives people who want to run as candidates or volunteer on campaigns or volunteer or work for Elections Canada time to arrange their lives to make that possible.

“The federal parties all worked together to enact Bill C-70 in five weeks last spring, and there is no good reason why, before the next federal election happens, they can’t work together to pass bills to close all the loopholes in our laws that allow for secret, unethical and undemocratic foreign interference in Canadian politics, including the bill that strengthens whistleblower protection, and to make enforcement agencies independent and effective,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch. “Any party that prevents these bills from passing into law before the next election will show that they are clearly more self-interested than dedicated to protecting the public interest.” 

“Every voter should seriously consider not voting for any party that prevents these bills from passing before a federal election happens,” said Conacher.

Bill C-65, which was introduced in the House in March 2024 and changes the Canada Elections Act in some ways to prevent foreign interference and improve election fairness, was being amended by a House Committee before Prime Minister Trudeau prorogued Parliament unjustifiably (Democracy Watch is participating in the court case challenging the prorogation, which should be ruled on very soon).

The Hogue Inquiry into Foreign Interference in Federal Electoral Processes and Democratic Institutions issued a negligently weak, cover-up final report at the end of January recommending only a few of many key changes needed to stop foreign interference.  For example, Commissioner Hogue said disinformation is the greatest threat to Canada’s democracy, but didn’t recommend any effective measures to prevent, prohibit or penalize disinformation.

Another comprehensive bill is needed to close the many huge loopholes ignored by Commissioner Hogue, and left open by Bill C-65 and Bill C-70, which was passed by the House and Senate in five weeks last May-June, but is full of loopholes, and still needs to be implemented to require foreign agents to disclose their activities in the Foreign Influence Registry (FIR), and to establish the new Foreign Influence Transparency (FIT) Commissioner.

Bill C-290, which strengthens federal whistleblower protection in key ways, including for people who want to blow the whistle on foreign interference activities, and cover ups of interference activities, was introduced by a Bloc MP in the House way back in June 2022, and is at second reading in the Senate.

With the approval of a majority of MPs, any bill can be moved right back to whatever stage of parliamentary review that it reached before the prorogation.

If the Bloc care about their own bill, and if they and the Liberals and NDP care about actually stopping foreign interference, and about key workplace protections for federal government employees, then they can easily, before Parliament closes for the summer at the end of June, pass these key bills just like Bill C-70 was passed last May-June.

Click here to see the Backgrounder that summarizes all the loopholes and weak enforcement problems that make foreign interference legal and easy to do across Canada at every level of government.

Click here to see summary list of 17 key changes that need to be made to stop foreign interference.

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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Stop Foreign Interference in Canadian Politics Campaign and Protect Whistleblowers Who Protect You Campaign and Honesty in Politics Campaign and Money in Politics Campaign and Stop Secret Unethical Lobbying Campaign and Government Ethics Campaign and Stop Bad Government Appointments Campaign

Snap election, voting system, dishonesty, lack of key democratic reform promises and measures, and failure of Elections Ontario to inform voters of real reasons to vote and how to decline their ballot, are likely reasons for second lowest turnout in the province’s history

Honesty law, representative voting system, key democratic good government reforms, fixing election dates, and effective ads by Elections Ontario will increase voter turnout – mandatory voting and Internet voting are not solutions and are dangerously undemocratic

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Friday, February 28, 2025

TORONTO – Today, Democracy Watch called for democratic changes to Ontario’s political system in response to the clear crisis of low voter turnout in the provincial election.  Initial results show that the PC Party won a majority of 80 of 124 seats (three fewer than in 2022) with the support of only 19.5% of eligible voters, which raises serious questions about their mandate to govern, let alone to implement any specific law or policy.

The voting results were very unrepresentative for most of the main parties. Only 45.5% of eligible voters cast a ballot, the second lowest turnout ever (after the 2022 election when turnout was 44%), and only 43% of the ballots cast were for the PC Party but they won almost 65% (80) of the seats in the legislature. The Liberals won 30% of the votes but only 11% (14) of the seats, and the Greens won 4.8% of the votes but only 1.6% (2) of the seats. The NDP’s vote percentage of 18.6% was closer to the 22% (27) of seats they won, but still unrepresentative.

“With less than half of eligible voters casting ballots in the Ontario election, the second lowest turnout ever, and a distorted false majority, alarm bells should be going off and questions raised about the legitimacy of Doug Ford’s PC Party government which wasted almost $200 million of the public’s money on his self-interested, mid-winter snap election,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch.  “More and more voters know from their experience of the past few decades of elections, and from Ford’s term in office, that they are not going to get what they vote for, and are likely to get dishonest, secretive, unethical, unrepresentative and wasteful government, and as a result no one should be surprised to see voter turnout at such a low level.”

“Voter turnout will go up significantly only if the voting system is changed, if the parties make changes to require everyone in politics to be honest, ethical, open and waste-preventing, and if Elections Ontario does its job properly and informs Ontarians of the real reasons to vote and their right to decline their ballot,” said Conacher.

Ontario’s parties must work together to make the following changes if they want to increase voter turnout up to the past modern high of 65% (in 1990) let alone 73% (in 1971):

1.  Pass an honesty-in-politics law that gives voters an easy, low-cost way to file complaints to the Integrity Commissioner, and requires the Commissioner the power to penalize misleaders (and requires MPPs who switch parties in-between elections to resign and run in a by-election).

2.  Change the voting system to provide a more accurate representation of the popular vote in the seats held by each party in the legislature (as in many other countries) while ensuring that all elected officials are supported by, and are accountable to, voters in each riding/constituency (with a safeguard to ensure that a party with a low-level, narrow-base of support does not have a disproportionately high level of power in the legislature).

3.  Strengthen provincial political ethics, lobbying, open government, whistleblower protection, and government spending and accountability laws and penalties, and democratize Ontario’s legalized bribery political finance system (the Green Party received only a C as the best grade of overall bad grades in DWatch’s Report Card on the Parties’ Democracy and Accountability Platforms, while Ford’s PC Party received a F).

4.  Actually fix election dates every four years, to prohibit self-interested snap elections, and only allow elections in between the four-year period if a vote of non-confidence in the government is passed by the legislature, and make the election campaign period at least six weeks to give late-nominated candidates time to campaign, parties time to finalize and release platforms, Elections Ontario time to educate voters and set up operations, and voters time to get registered, learn platforms and question candidates and parties.

5.  Mandate Elections Ontario to spend the $6 million or so it spends each election on voter education on effective ads that include the following two key messages – the real reasons to vote which DWatch’s partner organization Democracy Education Network includes in its VoteParty.ca and VotePromise.ca voter turnout initiatives:

•  “You never know when your vote may count” — with examples from past elections, and from specific ridings in various elections, which show clearly that election results cannot be predicted in advance, and;

•  “If you don’t vote, you don’t count” — making it clear that politicians don’t really care about you if you don’t vote because non-voters do not help them get elected or defeated.

6.  Instead of having the right to decline your ballot (which Ontarians and voters in three other provinces have, but it has to be done verbally which violates the right to a secret ballot), voters should have the right to vote “none of the above” and to give a reason on election and by-election ballots (as was recommended 25 years ago by Elections Canada).

As well, Elections Ontario again violated the provincial election law by failing to inform voters about their right to decline the ballot, and failing to include the total of declined ballots in its election results report.

These changes would give voters many more reasons to vote because they would know that voting for a specific party would mean their vote would count, and the party’s promises would be kept, and they would be more assured of democratic good government overall no matter which party won.  As well, moving the fixed election date to the last Monday in October would make it easier for people with kids, and students, to follow and participate in the election campaign and have the identification needed to vote.

These problems exist in all the provinces and territories across Canada.  All of these changes should be made by the federal and provincial and territorial governments, and for their municipalities, before mandatory voting is even considered because forcing voters to vote creates false legitimacy for political parties and politicians (and mandatory voting must never be implemented unless “none of the above” is one of the options on the ballot). Internet voting should also not even be considered currently given it would dangerously undermine the integrity of the voting system.

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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Democratic Voting Systems Campaign

Voters should not get fooled again – PC Party re-election would mean more dishonest, unethical, secretive and wasteful government decisions and actions

Green Party receives overall C best grade, NDP a C- and Liberals a D- in Report Card on parties’ 2025 election platforms

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE:
Tuesday, February 25, 2025

OTTAWA – Today, Democracy Watch issued its Report Card on the Doug Ford PC Party’s seriously unethical and undemocratic record since it was re-elected in 2022, and its Report Card on the Ontario Parties’ 2025 Democracy and Accountability Platforms (To see the Report Card, click here, and to see the criteria and grading system used to assess the parties, click here).

Democracy Watch gives the Ford PC Party government an F fail grade since the June 2022 election because of a “dirty dozen” seriously unethical, undemocratic actions. Click here to see Ford’s Dirty Dozen Unethical, Undemocratic Actions since June 2022.

From 2018 to 2022, Ford’s PC government had 25 seriously unethical and undemocratic actions.

The Ford PC Party also received an F fail grade overall, and in all five areas of DWatch’s Report Card – the worst grade ever for any party across Canada in the past 30 years.

“Don’t get fooled again Ontario voters, as the Ford PC Party’s dirty dozen seriously unethical, secretive and undemocratic actions in the past three years show clearly that if the PC Party wins the election we’re in for more years of wasteful, dishonest, unethical, secretive, unrepresentative government,” said Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch.

The other three main Ontario parties have not promised nearly enough changes to reverse the Ford PC Party government’s bad record, or prevent ongoing unethical, secretive and undemocratic actions.  The Green Party received a C as the best grade of overall bad grades for all the parties, while the NDP received a C- and the Liberals a D-.

“While the Greens and NDP have some key democracy reforms in their platforms, and all three opposition parties promise some important general accountability reforms, they unfortunately continue to fail to promise key changes,” said Conacher. “One can only hope that the parties will actually address these concerns when the Ontario legislature opens again so that everyone in Ontario politics will, finally after 158 years, be effectively required to act honestly, ethically, openly, representatively and to prevent waste.”

The Greens and NDP had their best grades in the area of Representative Government as they both promise to change Ontario’s voting system and consult with the public in many policy areas (in contrast to the Ford government’s regular practice of imposing decisions on Ontarians without any consultation).  In the area of Honest, Ethical Government, they both promise a few measures to strengthen ethics rules for politicians and lobbyists (in contrast to the Ford government’s horribly unethical record).

All three opposition parties had their other best grades in the area of General Accountability as they all promise to increase the independence and strength of watchdogs over various Ontario industries and sectors (in contrast to the Ford government which has weakened accountability in many industries and sectors).

However, the three opposition parties’ grades were not good in the areas of Open Government or Efficient Government.

Many surveys over the past 15 years have shown that a large majority of voters do not trust politicians, and want honesty, ethics, lobbying, open government and other key reforms to stop politicians from abusing their power.  Tens of thousands of messages have been sent to Ontario party leaders and politicians through Democracy Watch’s campaigns calling for dozens of key changes needed to ensure fully democratic, ethical, open, representative, waste-preventing and accountable government and politics across Ontario.

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FOR MORE INFORMATION, CONTACT:
Duff Conacher, Co-founder of Democracy Watch
Tel: (613) 241-5179
Cell: 416-546-3443
Email: [email protected]

Democracy Watch’s Campaigns page

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Democracy Watch’s Report Card on the Ontario Parties’ 2025 Democracy and Accountability Platforms

Sources

To see the criteria and grading system used to assess the parties’ platforms, click here

Mike Schreiner’s Green Party of Ontario platform webpage
(NOTE: See pages 15, 18-19, 22, 27, 29, 30-31, 34, 46, 50-53 and 58-59 (and re: General Accountability see pages 12, 14, 21-23, 28-29, 33, 41, 44, 53 and 55-57) of platform PDF)

Bonnie Crombie Ontario Liberal Party platform webpage
(NOTE re: General Accountability see pages 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 ,12 and 14 of platform PDF)

Marit Stile’s Ontario NDP platform webpage
(NOTE: See pages 7, 14, 17, and 19-20 (and re: General Accountability see pages 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17 and 20) of platform PDF)

Doug Ford’s Ontario Progressive Conservative Party platform webpage