{"id":4125,"date":"2013-09-20T16:44:26","date_gmt":"2013-09-20T20:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/?page_id=4125"},"modified":"2013-09-20T16:51:15","modified_gmt":"2013-09-20T20:51:15","slug":"howe-lafontaine-and-baldwin-heroes-of-canadas-democratic-development-in-the-mid-1800s","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/howe-lafontaine-and-baldwin-heroes-of-canadas-democratic-development-in-the-mid-1800s\/","title":{"rendered":"Howe, LaFontaine and Baldwin &#8212; h\u00e9ros de d\u00e9veloppement d\u00e9mocratique canadien 1835-1850"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AM_biaS7bJE\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/joseph-howe\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Joseph Howe<\/span><\/a> led his political party in the province of Nova Scotia to win the 1847 election and form the first \u201c<a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/responsible-government\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">responsible government<\/span><\/a>\u201d in the British Empire (responsible to voters and the politicians they elected, instead of controlled by the British monarchy and its representative, the provincial Lieutenant Governor).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">In the province of Canada (Upper Canada (now known as Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec) combined), <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/robert-baldwin\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Robert Baldwin<\/span><\/a> and <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/sir-louishippolyte-lafontaine\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine<\/span><\/a> led their political party to win the 1848 election, after years of struggles for reform by them and attempted revolts by others including the rebellions of 1837-38, and when the Governor General of Canada <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/james-bruce-8th-earl-of-elgin\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Lord Elgin<\/span><\/a> approved a controversial bill proposed by their government, the practice of \u201cresponsible government\u201d was established there as well.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">These were the first responsible governments in history anywhere in the world formed through negotiation with an imperial power, instead of through violence.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"420\" height=\"236\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OqYYy1RpUzM\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">April 30, 1849, after a mob has burned down Parliament (then in Montreal), the government of <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/robert-baldwin\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Baldwin<\/span><\/a> and <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/sir-louishippolyte-lafontaine\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">LaFontaine<\/span><\/a> propose the controversial bill that is approved by Governor General Lord Elgin, establishing the practice of \u201c<a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/responsible-government\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">responsible government<\/span><\/a>\u201d in the province of Canada (Upper Canada (now known as Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec) combined) (1 min. 30 sec.).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">RELATED VIDEOS:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">To see the full video covering from 1815 to 1850 in Canada, <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-4BwaNlbILs\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">click here<\/span><\/a> (1 hour, 47 min.).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">To see a National Film Board (NFB) short film about a court case that made Howe famous and boosted reform efforts in Nova Scotia, <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nfb.ca\/film\/joseph_howe_tribune_nova_scotia\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">click here<\/span><\/a> (31 min.).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">To see an NFB short film about Baldwin&#8217;s role during the Upper Canada (now Ontario) revolution of 1837 and years after, <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nfb.ca\/film\/robert_baldwin_matter_of_principle\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">click here<\/span><\/a> (32 min.).<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">To see an NFB short film about the events of 1849, <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nfb.ca\/film\/lord_elgin_voice_of_people\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">click here<\/span><\/a> (29 min.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"420\" height=\"236\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YTH7_zwE6zQ\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">John Ralston Saul interviewed by Allan Gregg about <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/robert-baldwin\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Baldwin<\/span><\/a> and <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/sir-louishippolyte-lafontaine\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">LaFontaine<\/span><\/a>, in which he summarizes their leading role in creating one of the first major steps toward democracy in Canada, the creation of responsible government, using tactics that Mahatma Ghandi would use in India, and that many other citizen advocates around the world would use in future decades, and centuries (16 min.).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<td align=\"center\" valign=\"top\"><a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/the-address-to-the-electors-of-terrebonne\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/LHL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" align=\"middle\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">On August 26, 1840, <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com\/articles\/sir-louishippolyte-lafontaine\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine<\/span><\/a> wrote a letter to the voters of his electoral district\/riding (which was called Terrebonne) that set out a compelling vision of an egalitarian, bilingual, unified country with a responsible government. LaFontaine&#8217;s <a style=\"text-decoration: none;\" href=\"http:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/the-address-to-the-electors-of-terrebonne\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: blue;\">letter<\/span><\/a> was issued after Lord Durham (who had been sent by England to assess the situation in the Canadas) issued a report in 1839 that resulted in the Act of Union to establish the Province of Canada (combining the debt and legislatures of Upper Canada and Lower Canada into one government, with equal representation from each). The Act was passed in the British Parliament in July of 1840, and became law on Feb. 10, 1841, and banned the use of the French language by the government use, suspended specific French Canadian educational and civil law institutions, and overall was unfair to Lower Canada with its larger population and smaller debt. The united Reform Party led by LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin eventually repealed many of the Act&#8217;s unjust clauses, and modified many of its financial and constitutional provisions, over the next decade.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joseph Howe led his political party in the province of Nova Scotia to win the 1847 election and form the first \u201cresponsible government\u201d in the British Empire (responsible to voters and the politicians they elected, instead of controlled by the British monarchy and its representative, the provincial Lieutenant Governor). In the province of Canada (Upper [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4125","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4125"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4125\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/democracywatch.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}